The root klesha, avidya, is a complex and ever-present concept in yoga that underlies and feeds all other kleshas. Avidya can be translated as “spiritual ignorance,” which refers to the misidentification of the self with the small self rather than the universal Self. This confusion causes existential angst and tension in the body, as one generates muscular actions to protect themselves from others.
Tightness in the shoulders and restricted breathing are common physical manifestations of avidya, which can hinder the practice of backbending. To overcome this, Richard Rosen suggests relaxing into the knowledge of our interconnectedness and allowing fluctuating thoughts to calm down. With this stable mindset, one can explore themselves more clearly and let go of fear, aversion, ego, and attachment. A supported backbend can also be helpful in cajoling the body into the practice and offering a safe space for self-exploration.
In addition to physical manifestations, avidya can also manifest as emotional and mental obstacles. It can lead to feelings of isolation, insecurity, and disconnection from the world around us. Avidya can also create a sense of attachment to our thoughts, beliefs, and desires, which can prevent us from seeing things clearly and experiencing the present moment fully.
To overcome avidya, yoga offers various practices such as self-inquiry, meditation, and asana. By cultivating self-awareness, we can begin to recognize our patterns of misidentification and separate ourselves from them. Through meditation, we can observe our thoughts and emotions without getting caught up in them, creating a space for clarity and insight. Asana practice can also help release physical tension and provide a tangible way to connect with our bodies.
Ultimately, the goal of overcoming avidya is to realize our true nature, which is unchanging, eternal, and interconnected with everything else. By recognizing this truth, we can experience freedom from suffering and a deep sense of peace and joy that comes from living in harmony with ourselves and the world around us.
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